Improvement in hydraulic engines



3 Sheets-Sheet I A. E. MULLER. Hydraulic-Engine.

Patented Aug. 5,1879.

No. 218,303.y

Witnesses:

N-PETES, FNOTO-UTHGGRAPHER, WASMINGYDN. D C,

3 Sheets-Sheet 2. A. E. MULLER. Hydraulic-Engine.

No. 218,303. Patented Aug. 5,1879.

N'FEHS. PHOTD-LITHDGRAFHER. WASHINGTON D C4 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. A. E. MLLER. Hydraulic-Engine. No. 218,303. Patented Aug. 5,1879.

Inventorl 26e/r' m51? ....f .MNM HP1. l M

'NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANDREAS E. MLLER, OF BERLIN, PRUSSIA, GERMAN EMPIRE, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND CARL SGHATTENBRAND, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES.

Specication forming part of Letters Patent No. 218,303, dated August 5, 1879; application tiled February 24, 1879.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANDREAS EMANUEL MLLER, of Berlin, Prussia, German Empire, have invented an Improved Hydraulic Engine, of which the following is a specification.

In the accompanying sheets of drawings, Figure l, Sheet 1, is a vertical longitudinal section of my improved hydraulic engine on the line A A', Fig. 2. Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a vertical transverse section of the same through the center of the cylinder. Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is a horizontal section of the same on the line E F', Figs. 1 and 2 Fig. 4, Sheet 2, a horizontal section on the line G G', Fig. 1. Figs. 5, 6, and 7, Sheet 8, are detail views of parts ot' the engine. Figs. 8, 9, 10Sheet 2, and Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20, Sheet 3, show modifications of the engine and also modes of applying the same for operating sewing-machines.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the gures.

This invention relates to an improved hydraulic engine which is to be attached to sewing-machines and similar mechanism, for imparting motion to the same.

The invention consists in the details ot' improvements hereinafter pointed out.

With special reference to Figs. l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the drawings, the letter A represents the basin for receiving the drippings from the cylinder. This basin is preferably made of elliptical form, and has two trunnions, mx m", in line with its longitudinal axis, by which trunnions it is hung in two brackets, n n", that are secured to thetable B of a sewing-machine or other mechanism to which motion is to be imparted, or to which the machine is to 'be attached.

The oscillating cylinder D is pivoted, in a manner hereinafter described, between the two sides of the basin A, at right angles to the trunnions mx m". The double pivotal connection of the cylinder to the plate B has the effect substantially of a universal joint, and allows for small inaccuracies in the mounting of the motor.

E is the water-inlet pipe ofthe machine; F, the valve that regulates the admission of water to and its proper discharge from the cylinder D. G is the water-outlet. H is an airchamber communicating with the inlet-pipe E. J is the piston.

The water enters the inlet under pressure, and after passing through the valve mechanism enters the oscillating cylinder operating the piston, and is then discharged through the valve F into the outlet Gr. The valve F is a hollow cone, closed in front, and divided by a central partition, a, into two compartments, b and d, the upper compartment, b, communieating with the cylinder D above the piston, while the lower compartment, d, communicates with the cylinder below the piston.

Each compartment ot' the valve F has three (more or less) circumferential ports or apertures in line with the pipes E and Gr, in manner hereinafter described, said pipes having ports or apertures corresponding to those of the valve F. The supply-pipe E has three such ports or apertures, e f g, while the dischargepipe has four, h, t', j, and k. The ports of the upper chamber, b, of the valve F are marked 9, 10, and 11, Fig. 1, and those of the lower chamber 14, 15, and 16. Y

Now, the relative position of the several ports is such that water is alternately admitted into each of the two chambers of the valve by two ports, and at the same time discharged by two ports from the other chamber of the valve, the apertures of the valve being, as the Valve oscillates around its longitudinal axis, brought alternately in and out of line with those of the water supply and discharge ipes.

In Fig. 1 the valve F is represented in the dead-center position, in which water is not admitted to nor discharged from the valve F, all the ports hereinabove specified being closed.

In one position of the valve-to wit, that in which water is to be admitted into its upper compartment, b-the ports 9 and 10, Fig. 1, of the valve communicate, respectively, with the apertures f and g of the water-supply pipe, while the induction-ports in the lower compartment, d, are brought out of line with those of the water-supply and closed, thereby preventing the admission of water into the lower compartment of the valve. At the same time the apertures 14 and 15 of the lower compartment comm unieate, respectively, with the apertures j and k otthe water-discharge, thereby allowing the dischargeot water t'rom the lower compartment, d, while the eduetion-ports of the upper compartment are closed. At the opposite position ot' the valve the inductionports of the lower compartment, 1, are opened, while those of' the upper compartment are closed. At the same time the eduction ports ot the lower eonnmrtment are closed, and those ofthe upper comlmrtment opened.

I prefer, in addition to the above arrange ment, to establish eotnmunication between the two compartments l1 and u ot' the valve at` theI two extremities o1' lnotion ot' the piston, which occur whenever the cylinder is vertical, for the purpose of utilizing the residue ot' pressure from thefull part ot' the cylinder to thel emptied part. This I effect by providing the valve l" with two additional smaller ports or apertures, 12 and 13, at two opposite sides of the ecntralpartition,a,one aperture being in the upper and one in the lowercompartment. Both apertures are partially opposite to and communicate with a cavity, 5, in a cupshaped plate, I, which is secured within the dischargepipe.

Whenever the, piston is in its uppermost or lowermost position, and the valveln the position shown in Fig. 1, conmnmieation will, through the openings 2 5 13, be established between the two compartments l and I of the valve, and thereby between the upper and lower portions otthe cylinder l). The live water that has just acted upon the cylinder will be forced by the balance ot' pressure and momentum into thc empty part ot' the cylinder at the opposite side of the piston, whereby its force is to solnc extent utilized to startthe piston in the opposite direction and water is economzed.

The conical valve l", being rigidly attached to the cylinder l), t'orms one ot' the pivotal supports for the cylinder. At the opposite side the cylinder I) is, by a balljoint, connected to an outwardly-projecting screw-pin, m, which is screwed into a bearing, 11. that is t'astened to and projects upward from the side ot' the basin A. The ball-shapcd endot' the pin mis much nearer to the longitudinal axis ot' the cylinder l`) than the support ot' the valve F, whereby such piti is lnade to bear the greater part of t-he strain ot' the cylinder, thus releasing the valve.

The pin m can be screwed in or out, so as to make the conical valve l bear properly on its supporting and surrounding sleeve o, which sleeve forms the ports c,f, y, l1, j, and k. It is my desire to leave the valve 1-` loose in the sleeve o, and allow water to leak around the valve into the basin A.

I shall now describe the mechanism which regulates the admission ot" water into the machine.

1 is a suitable ball or dish valve fitted to the end ofa valve-stein, q, to which reciprocating and oscllatngmotion may be imparted.

This valve enters the Water-admission pipe E through a proper side aperture and closes the pipe l, as in Fig. 1, when the admission ot' water is to be stopped. When the valve l is withdrawn the flow of water is resumed. The valve-stein q is partly surrounded by a stuliingbox, r.

Immediately back of the valve P the rod l has two sidewardly-proiecting ribs, s s, which, when the valve I is opened, slide into two slots, t t, ot' the tubular box r, that surrounds thc rod q. The inner ends of' the ribs .sare convex, and the end of' the tube r nearest the pipe li is eut oblique, as indicated in Fig. 1. When the valve is closed the ribs s are entirely out of the tube r, and when thereupon the valve is slightly turned the ribs s will be moved along theoblique end ofthe tube, thus forcing the valve l tight against its seat u.

ln orderto prevent displacement of the tube r, I prefer to attach it within a surrounding shell by a teather-and-groove connection or otherwise rigidly secure it. At the rear end the stutting-box r has a downwardly-projecting` arm, r, which has a transverse slot open at the lower end. Into this slot fits the arm of an L-shaped lever, Vt', which is pivoted to the valvestem q, and by which motion is imparted to the valve-stem and valve I. The shorter arm ofthe lever W is hook-shaped, as in Fig. 7, the beak of the hook projecting beyond the arm 1' when the leverW is in its vertical position and the valve I opened. When the lever Wisin this position the valve I may be moved lengthwise toward or away from its seat, and when moved toward its seat the valve-rod q may be turned, by taking hold of' the lever W, to rmly close the valve. When the valve is closed the beak of the hook-shaped projection of thc L .shaped lever W enters the slot ot' the arm r, and thereby prevents any attempted longitudinal movement of the valve I before the valve and valve-rod q are first turned backintothcirnormal position. (Shown in Fig. 1.)

In order to allow the discharge of water from the basin A into the discharge-pipe Gr, a connection is established between such basin and pipe by a suitable aperture, A rubber ball, y, may be placed against this aperture to prevent the tlow of water back from the pipe G into the basin A. This ball ymay, if desired, be closed against its seat by clamping it with a suitable set-screw. Any other mode of discharging the water from the basin A may, if desired, be substituted.

1 shall now describe mechanism which serves to adjust the length of stroke of the piston.

The upper portion of the piston-rod ax is connected by a sideWardly-projecting pin, b", (which turns in an aperture in the pistonrod,) with a grooved slide, d", which ts into a transverse slot at the end of a hollow drum, e", said drum being on the shaft to which motion is to be imparted. The slide dX is provided with a nut, f which projects into the hollow of the drum e". A screw, g", which is swiveled in the drum ex, passes through the nut f x, and serves to move the slide dx transversely in the drum, thereby carrying the pin bx farther away from or nearer to the periphery of the drum.

When the slide dx (and with it the pin bx) is adjusted at a considerable distance from the axis of the drum ex, the pin bx will, when the drum revolves, be caused to describe a larger circle, and the piston-rod ax will thereby be caused to make a longer stroke than when the pin bx is brought nearer to the axis of the drum ex. A very exact adjustment of the length of stroke may, in this manner, be affected by the screw gx.

The aperture by which the ball end of the pin bx enters the upper hollow portion of the piston-rod ax is made so large that the ballhead of the pin may pass through such hole.

The connection of the pin bx to the pistonrod is established by a screw-plug, hx, that enters the top of the piston-rod and bears with its end upon the ball end of the pin bx.

When the plug hx is partly withdrawn the head of the pin bx may be withdrawn from the piston-rod ax, and the communication thereby broken.

In Figs. 17 and 18 is shown a modification of the valve mechanism. In this modification the aperture 5 and cup l are dispensed with, and the two chambers of the valve communicate by the ports l2 and 13 directly with the discharge-pipe at the dead-point. An upright partition, ix, in the discharge-pipe prevents the water from escaping at the moment of deadcenter, and causes it to flow from one port, 12, to the other port, 13, or vice Versa, and con sequently from one compartment-to the other. In this modification the valve-ports are somewhat differently arranged from those heretofore described, and the partition a is vertical.

Figs. 8 and 9 show how the machine is attached to the working-plate of a sewing-machine.

Figs.10 and 1l show the construction ofthe motor when not bodily attached to the sewingmachine.

Figs. 12, 13, 19, and 20 show a modified position of motor, the oscillating cylinder being horizontal and not vertical.

Figs. 14, 15, and 16 are sectional views of a modified valve arrangement. In this modification the inlet-valve Lis at one side and the outlet-valve M at the other side of' the cylinder, the two valves constituting the trunnions of the cylinder. The partition within the valves is dispensed with, and one in the surrounding shell substituted for substantially like effect.

I claiml. The combination ofthe basin A, hung on trunnions mx mx, with the cylinder D, hung in the basin at right angles to the said trunnions, substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.

2. The valve F, having central partition a and two compartments, b d, and series of ports in each compartment, in combination with a perforated embracing-shell. all being so arranged that two induction-ports in one compartment of the valve are opened at the same time with two eduction-ports of the other compartment, while the other ports are closed, substantially as herein shown and described.

3. The combination of the cylinder D and hollow valve F, having the openings l2 and 13 at opposite sides of a dividing-partition, with the chamber 5, and with the discharge-v pipe G, all so arranged that communication is established between the two compartments of the valve mechanism whenever the oscillating cylinder is in position of dead-center, substantially as specified.

4. The combination of the valve P and stem q, having projecting ribs s, with the surrounding tubular box r, having slots t t, substantially as speciiied.

5. The combination of the tube or box r, having slotted arm v, with the rod q and valve P, and with the L-shaped lever W, substantially as specified.

6. The combination of the hollow drum ex, which has a transverse slot at its end, with the grooved slide dx, which fits into said slot, and is provided with the outwardly-projecting pin bx and inwardly extending nut fx, and with the screw gx, swiveled in the drum ex, for operation substantially as herein shown and described.

This specification signed by me this 7th day of December, 1878.

ANDREAS EMANUEL MLLER.

Witnesses FRIEDRICH GLAsER, CARL T. BURGKARDT. 

